HOW TO GROW MAIZE EFFICIENTLY
Tips for High Yield
I am sure we are all still dazed by the euphoria of launching into a new planting season, right? Well, while we are still getting settled in, let me tell you a little about how you can grow one of the most valuable crops in Nigeria.
Maize (popularly known as corn) is an annual crop that produces ears of Yellow, white or multi-coloured kernels. Maize (Botanical name=Zea mays) has a wide distribution, growing across Africa. It is the most productive grain crop where sunshine and rain is adequate.
Corn requires a loosed soil to germinate properly. Therefore, before the rain begins, harrow deeply to break up soil blocks. Afterwards, create planting holes of 5cm deep with proper spacing of 75cm between rows and 25cm for plants. The perfect spacing ensures crop growth, weed control and reduced pest and disease problems.
Here are 5 (Five) practical steps to Maize Farming Success:
Use of suitable seed varieties
Environmental factors, such as the climate of the farm location, determine the maize variety to plant. It is because different seed varieties do well in other areas. It is also vital to source seeds from reputable vendors; check the expiry date to ensure the seeds are still viable. Once you get this right, you are on the road to farm success.
Land Preparation
The first step towards attaining a good maize harvest is ensuring that the farm is well-ploughed with a depth of 20cm at least twice per week before planting begins. Land Preparation is crucial to get the soil to an acceptable condition to receive the plant. During land preparation, soil testing is also vital to check the ph and nutrient levels. The information derived from this process will enable you to understand the right fertiliser for increased production; also, eradicating weeds and insect vectors beforehand.
Time of planting
The successful planting period in Nigeria is usually between March to June, depending on rainfall. However, there are also late birds who plant theirs between 1–15 August due to the adequate precipitation in their region. Knowing when to plant allows the plants to make full use of the moisture and nutrients available in producing a massive harvest.
Crop Nutrition
It is a significant factor in achieving enormous yield. Maize requires an average of 180kg/ha potash, 40kg/ha Phosphate and 150kg/ha of Nitrogen. Soil testing is vital to understand the correct dosages to compensate for what the soil already has. It is also crucial to know that the application of Nitrogen in the farm — should be split with 75% in the seedbed and 25% applied when the new leaves emerge (1–3 leaf stage).
Pest and diseases
Although maize is a relatively pest-free crop, when maize is grown alongside host weeds, there can be pest and disease problems that could be devastating. Best practices are to frequently practice weed control and use appropriate insecticide during or after land preparation.
For more information and professional advice on how to grow maize effectively, contact us at www.farmsby.com
